Medical Geology: Impacts of the Natural Environment on Public Health

Medical Geology: Impacts of the Natural Environment on Public Health

Medical

B. anthracis infections in wildlife and livestock have been recognized as a critically important disease in the United States for over 200 years. Historical data on environmental, weather/climate and geographical factors that influence the occurrence of these infections are well known and include; (1) warm seasons during dry periods that follow moderate to heavy precipitation events
(weather/climate); (2) regions containing post-flood organic detritus and/or short dry grazing grasses (environmental); and (3) topological lows, such as waterholes or riverbanks, calcareous and alluvial soils with elevated nutrient content and pH values greater than 6.0 (geology). Other geological factors that may influence B. anthracis outbreak occurrence, as noted through in vivo or
in vitro observations, are elevated phosphate (which results in higher protective antigen production), magnesium, sodium, copper, zinc (needed for lethal factor production) and manganese (typically found in very low concentrations in calcareous soils and needed for gene regulation of exotoxins and antibiotics) [1–5].

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https://www.mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/182

MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

2016

Baihaqi

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