Alternatives to Animal Testing

Alternatives to Animal Testing

Biology

This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations.

Kojima, Hajime --- Seidle, Troy --- Spielmann, Horst

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Springer Nature

2019

Baihaqi

Creative Commons

PDF

English

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