Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ekstrak kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) telah diuji aktivitas antikankernya terhadap sel MCF-7 (kanker payudara) dan sel HeLa (kanker serviks) dengan menggunakan metode MTT [3-(4,5-dimetilthiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromida), serta diuji aktivitas antiviralnya terhadap virus Simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2) dengan menggunakan metode real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Kulit buah kakao sebanyak 1 kg dimaserasi menggunakan metanol, kemudian dipartisi dengan n-heksana dan diekstraksi dengan etil asetat sehingga diperoleh ekstrak Theobroma cacao metanol (TCM), Theobroma cacao heksana (TCH), Theobroma cacao etil asetat (TCEA) dan Theobroma cacao metanol hasil partisi (TCMP) berturut-turut sebanyak 16,98 g (1,70%); 2,76 g (19,68%); 0,91 g (6,49%) dan 6,22 g (44,36%). Ekstrak TCEA, TCM dan TCMP memiliki kadar fenolik berturut-turut sebesar 78,89; 76,67 dan 70,00 mg GAE/g serta kadar flavonoid berturut-turut sebesar 4,47; 0,94 dan 1,54 mg QE/g. Hasil uji antikanker ekstrak kulit buah kakao terhadap sel MCF-7 dan sel HeLa menunjukkan persentase inhibisi yang besar dengan kisaran nilai 65,63% - 97,62% pada konsentrasi 250 dan 500 ppm. Ekstrak TCEA ditemukan paling aktif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker MCF-7 dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 68,32 ppm sedangkan ekstrak TCH ditemukan paling aktif untuk menghambat sel HeLa dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 83,78 ppm. Pengujian antiviral dilakukan terhadap ekstrak TCEA karena tergolong aktif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan sel MCF-7 dan cukup aktif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan sel HeLa. Konsentrasi 31,25; 62,5 dan 125 ppm dipilih untuk dilanjutkan ke uji antiviral karena tidak toksik terhadap sel A549. Hasil uji antiviral menunjukkan ekstrak TCEA pada konsentrasi 125 ppm mampu menurunkan jumlah salinan virus SRV-2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif lamivudin yang merupakan obat antiviral generik.

Kata kunci: Kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.), TPC, TFC, antikanker, antiviral

The extract of cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.) has been tested for anticancer activity using against MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) and HeLa cells (cervical cancer) using MTT method [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), and antiviral activity was tested against Simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2) using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Theobroma cacao L. (1 kg) were macerated using methanol, then partitioned with n-hexane and extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain Theobroma cacao methanol (TCM), Theobroma cacao hexane (TCH), Theobroma cacao ethyl acetate (TCEA) and Theobroma cacao methanol partition (TCMP) as many as 16.98 g (1.70%), 2.76 g (19.68%), 0.91 g (6.49%) dan 6.22 g (44.36%). The extract of TCEA, TCM and TCMP had total phenolic content respectively 78.89, 76.67 and 70.00 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content respectively 4.47, 0.94 dan 1.54 mg QE/g. The result of the anticancer test of cocoa pod husk extract against MCF-7 and HeLa cells obtained a large percentage inhibition with a value range of 65.63% - 97.62% at concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm. The TCEA extract was found to be the most active to inhibit MCF-7 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 68.32 ppm while the TCH extract was found to be the most active to inhibit HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 83.78 ppm. Antiviral testing was carried out on the TCEA extract because it was classified as active in inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 cells and quite active in inhibiting the growth of HeLa cells. Concentration 31.25, 62.5 and 125 ppm were chosen to be continued for antiviral testing because they are not toxic to A549 cells. The result of the antiviral test showed that TCEA extract at a concentration of 125 ppm was able to reduce the copy number of SRV-2 virus higher than the positive control of lamivudin, which is a generic antiviral drug. Keywords: Cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.), TPC, TFC, anticancer, antiviral