Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Bakteri patogen yang terdapat di dalam sungai dapat menimbulkan infeksi yang disebut water-borne disease salah satunya shigellosis yang disebabkan oleh Shigella spp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui densitas, mengisolasi bakteri Shigella spp. dari beberapa sungai di kota Banda Aceh, menentukan kerentanan antibiotik, serta menganalisis gen virulensi dan resistensi antibiotik yang disandikan di dalam DNA plasmid isolat-isolat Shigella spp. tersebut. Penentuan densitas Shigella spp. dilakukan dengan metode MPN dilanjutkan dengan isolasi bakteri menggunakan media selektif XLD dan SSA, kerentanan antibiotik dievaluasi menggunakan metode standar CLSI, serta deteksi gen virulensi dan resistensi antibiotik diamplifikasi menggunakan PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan densitas bakteri tidak memiliki perbedaan antar lokasi sungai (p=0,075) dengan nilai 4,97 MPN/100 mL pada Krueng Lamnyong, 27,33 MPN/100 mL pada Krueng Aceh dan 18,33 MPN/100 mL pada Krueng Neng. Hasil isolasi bakteri ditemukan sebanyak 19 isolat Shigella spp. yaitu empat isolat dari Krueng Lamnyong, sembilan isolat dari Krueng Aceh, dan enam isolat dari Krueng Neng. Uji kerentanan antibiotik menunjukkan 18 isolat Shigella spp. bersifat resisten dan terbanyak pada penisilin, azitromisin, amoksisilin, ampisilin, dan streptomisin. Hasil amplifikasi gen virulensi menunjukkan gen ial berada pada 19 isolat sedangkan gen ipaH berada pada 8 isolat. Amplifikasi gen resistensi antibiotik menunjukkan gen qnrA hanya terlihat pada satu isolat. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sungai menjadi salah satu lokasi utama transmisi bakteri patogen dalam perairan sehingga beberapa upaya diperlukan untuk mengurangi potensi resiko kesehatan dan memastikan kualitas air dalam perairan.

Pathogenic bacteria found in rivers can cause infections called water-borne diseases, one of which is shigellosis caused by Shigella spp. This study aimed to determine the density of Shigella spp., isolate Shigella spp. from rivers in Banda Aceh, determine antibiotic susceptibility of Shigella spp., then analyzing the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes encoded in the plasmid DNA of the Shigella spp. isolates. The bacterial enumeration was conducted using the MPN method followed by bacterial isolation using XLD and SSA selective media, whereas antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the standards of CLSI and detection of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance was amplified using PCR. There was no difference of the bacterial density among rivers (p=0,075) i.e 4.97 MPN/100 mL in Krueng Lamnyong, 27.33 MPN/100 mL in Krueng Aceh and 18.33 MPN/100 mL in Krueng Neng. The results of bacterial isolation, 19 isolates of Shigella spp. were recovered during the study, i.e., four isolates from Krueng Lamnyong, nine isolates from Krueng Aceh, and six isolates from Krueng Neng. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed 18 isolates of Shigella spp. are resistant and most common to penicillin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and streptomycin. The results of PCR amplification on the virulence gene showed positive results as many as 19 isolates on ial gene, and eight isolates on ipaH gene. The antibiotic resistance gene (qnrA) positive results were only detected in one isolate. This study show that rivers are one of the primary reservoirs for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic systems, many attempts are therefore required to minimize potential health hazards and maintain the water quality in aquatic systems.