Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kelapa sawit termasuk komoditi perkebunan yang perkembangannya sangat pesat dibandingkan dengan komoditi lain dalam perkebunan. Perkebunan kelapa sawit sangat banyak melibatkan masyarakat sebagai pelaku usaha tani dan juga ikut serta pada peningkatan ekonomi kerakyatan karena kelapa sawit mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi. Perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Kuala mempunyai luas 1.404 hektar yang umumnya dimiliki oleh masyarakat lokal. Produktifitas perkebunan tanaman kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Nagan Raya secara masih rendah yaitu 2,6 ton per hektar dan masih di bawah rata-rata produktivitas nasional yang telah mencapai 3,30 ton per hektar. Evaluasi karakteristik kimia tanah dan status unsur hara pada areal perekbunan kelapa sawit sangat penting sebagai informasi manajemen pemupukan.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada areal Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Kuala Kabupaten Nagan Raya yang dimulai pada Desember 2023 sampai Januari 2024. Analisis sifat kimia tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Penelitian Tanah dan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Sampel tanah diambil pada kedalaman 0-20 cm (top soil) mewakili tiga ordo tanah yang terdapat di lokasi studi yaitu Ultisols, Inceptisols, dan Entisols. Sampel tanah di setiap ordo tanah diambil sebanyak 10 sampel kemudian dikompositkan menjadi 2 sub-sampel, sehingga berjumlah 6 sampel tanah komposit untuk seluruh areal yang dikaji. Parameter kimia tanah yang dikaji adalah pH (H2O), C organik, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), N total, P tersedia, dan K dapat ditukar (K-dd).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa areal Perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Kuala Kabupaten Nagan Raya memiliki beberapa kendala kimia tanah dan status unsur hara N, P, dan K. Kendala tersebut adalah reaksi tanah termasuk dalam kriteria sangat masam hingga masam, C organik dan N total berkriteria rendah. P tersedia dan K-dd tanah sangat bervariasi yaitu berkriteria rendah hingga sangat tinggi sedangkan KTK berkriteria rendah. Areal kelapa sawit dengan ordo tanah Entisols mempunyai kualitas tanah yang relatif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan areal kelapa sawit dengan ordo Ultisols dan Inceptisols. Status unsur hara N, P, dan K rendah pada kedua ordo tanah tersebut rendah hingga sangat rendah sehingga perlu diberikan penambahan pupuk dan bahan organik.

Oil palm is a plantation commodity whose development is very rapid compared to other commodities in plantations. Oil palm plantations very much involve the community as farming business actors and also participate in improving the people's economy because oil palm has a fairly high economic value. Oil palm plantations in Kuala District have an area of 1,404 hectares which are generally owned by local communities. The productivity of oil palm plantations in Nagan Raya District is still low at 2.6 tons per hectare and is still below the national average productivity which has reached 3.30 tons per hectare. Evaluation of soil chemical characteristics and nutrient status in oil palm plantation areas is very important as information for fertilizer management. This research was conducted in the Palm Oil Plantation area in Kuala District, Nagan Raya Regency starting from December 2023 to January 2024. Analysis of soil chemical properties was carried out at the Soil and Plant Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm (top soil) representing three soil orders found in the study site, namely Ultisols, Inceptisols, and Entisols. Soil samples in each soil order were taken as many as 10 samples and then composited into 2 sub-samples, totaling 6 composite soil samples for the entire area studied. The soil chemical parameters studied were pH (H2O), organic C, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total N, available P, and exchangeable K (K-dd). The results showed that the oil palm plantation area in Kuala District of Nagan Raya Regency has several soil chemistry and nutrient status constraints of N, P, and K. The constraints are soil reaction included in the criteria of very acidic to acidic, organic C and total N are low. Available P and soil K-dd vary greatly from low to very high while CEC is low. Oil palm areas with the Entisols soil order have relatively better soil quality compared to oil palm areas with the Ultisols and Inceptisols orders. The nutrient status of N, P, and K in both soil orders is low to very low so it is necessary to add fertilizers and organic materials.