Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Gulma adalah tumbuhan yang keberadaannya tidak dikehendaki dan menimbulkan kerugian. Pengendalian gulma umumnya dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan herbisida kimia namun dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan yaitu menggunakan bioherbisida babadotan yang mengandung senyawa alelopati. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi dan konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak n-heksana babadotan terhadap pertumbuhan gulma rumput kerbau, teki dan gewor lalakina. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Departemen Agroteknologi Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian Departemen Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian dan Laboratorium Instrumen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan Desember 2023-Maret 2024. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Non Faktorial terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 12 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 2 unit, dan diperoleh 72 unit percobaan untuk ketiga jenis gulma: Rumput Kerbau, Teki dan Gewor lalakina. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol (Aquades), konsentrasi ekstrak n-heksana babadotan 10%, 20% dan 30%. Hasil penelitian ekstrak n-heksana babadotan menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi ekstrak n-heksana babadotan dengan berbagai konsentrasi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi, jumlah daun, kadar klorofil, bobot basah, bobot kering gulma rumput kerbau dan persentase pengendalian gulma rumput kerbau pada 7 sampai 28 HSA. Aplikasi ekstrak n-heksana babadotan dengan berbagai konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap uji klorofil pada 7 namun, tidak berpengaruh terhadap tinggi, jumlah daun, bobot basah, bobot kering, dan persentase pengendalian gulma teki. Aplikasi ekstrak n-heksana babadotan dengan berbagai konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi 14 HSA, jumlah daun 7 dan 14 HSA, luas daun, dan bobot basah 28 HSA namun, tidak berpengaruh terhadap uji klorofil dan bobot kering gulma gewor lalakina. Persentase pengendalian gulma rumput kerbau pada perlakuan ekstrak n-heksana babadotan konsentrasi 20% mampu mengendalikan gulma sebesar 100% (efek sangat berat) pada 7 HSA. Persentase pengendalian gulma teki pada perlakuan ekstrak n-heksana babadotan konsentrasi 20% mengendalikan gulma sebesar 59,27% (efek sedang) pada 28 HSA. Persentase pengendalian gulma gewor lalakina pada perlakuan ekstrak n-heksana babadotan konsentrasi 20% mengendalikan gulma sebesar 20,57% (efek ringan) pada 28 HSA.

Kata kunci : Ageratum conyzoides L., Commelina diffusa Burm., Cyperus rotundus L., N-hexane, Paspalum conjugatum Berg.

Weeds are plants whose presence is undesirable and causes harm. Weed control can generally be done using chemical herbicides but can have a negative impact on the environment. One environmentally friendly alternative control is using the bioherbicide babadotan which contains allelopathic compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application and the best concentration of n-hexane babadotan extract on the growth of buffalo grass, sedge and gewor lalakina weeds. This research was conducted at the Weed Science Laboratory, Department of Agrotechnology, Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Agricultural Product Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Chemical Instrumentation Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. This research took place from December 2023-March 2024. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design with a Non-Factorial pattern consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications, so that there were 12 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 2 units, and 72 experimental units were obtained for the three types of weeds: Buffalo Grass, Teki and Gewor lalakina. The treatments consisted of control (Aquades), n-hexane babadotan extract concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. The results of the n-hexane babadotan extract study showed that the application of n-hexane babadotan extract with various concentrations had a very significant effect on the height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, wet weight, dry weight of buffalo grass weeds and the percentage of buffalo grass weed control at 7 to 28 HSA. The application of n-hexane babadotan extract with various concentrations had a significant effect on the chlorophyll test at 7 but did not affect the height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and percentage of sedge weed control. The application of n-hexane babadotan extract with various concentrations had a significant effect on the height of 14 HSA, the number of leaves 7 and 14 HSA, leaf area, and wet weight 28 HSA but did not affect the chlorophyll test and dry weight of gewor lalakina weeds. The percentage of buffalo grass weed control in the treatment of n-hexane babadotan extract with a concentration of 20% was able to control weeds by 100% (very severe effect) at 7 HSA. The percentage of sedge weed control in the treatment of n-hexane babadotan extract with a concentration of 20% controlled weeds by 59.27% (moderate effect) at 28 HSA. The percentage of gewor lalakina weed control in the treatment of n-hexane babadotan extract with a concentration of 20% controlled weeds by 20.57% (mild effect) at 28 HSA. Keywords: Ageratum conyzoides L., Commelina diffusa Burm., Cyperus rotundus L., N-hexane, Paspalum conjugatum Berg.