Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Provinsi Aceh merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil getah pinus di Indonesia. Pohon pinus tumbuh subur di daerah Aceh, khususnya di dataran tinggi Gayo. Dataran tinggi Gayo mencakup wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Bener Meriah dan Gayo Lues. Selama ini masyarakat dataran tinggi Gayo, belum melakukan proses pasca panen dan pengolahan getah pinus dengan baik. Getah pinus masih di jual dalam bentuk bahan mentah dan belum mengalami proses pengolahan menjadi bahan siap pakai. Mutu getah di daerah ini juga belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik getah pinus serta mengetahui rendemen terpentin dan gondorukem pada getah pinus di dataran tinggi Gayo (Gayo Lues, Takengon dan Bener Meriah).
Sampel getah yang digunakan pada penelitian ini di peroleh dari tiga daerah dataran tinggi Gayo, yaitu Gayo Lues, Takengon dan Bener Meriah. Analisa yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini berupa penentuan karekteristik fisik getah pinus yang terdiri dari analisa warna (uji organoleptik), kadar kotoran+kadar air yang merujuk pada SNI 7837:2016. Analisa rendemen dilakukan dengan proses destilasi untuk memperoleh terpentin dan gondorukem dari getah pinus dataran tinggi Gayo.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daerah Gayo Lues mempunyai karakteristik fisik getah pinus dengan mutu premium, yang ditunjukkan dengan warna putih, kadar kotoran+kadar air mencapai 7,39%, daerah Takengon dan Bener Meriah mempunyai karakteristik fisik getah mutu 1, yang ditunjukkan dengan warna putih kadar kotoran+kadar air 10,74% dan 10,88%, berdasarkan standar mutu SNI 7837:2016 tentang getah pinus. Analisa rendemen rata-rata terpentin dan gondorukem Gayo Lues sebesar 2,11% dan 67,47%, Takengon 1,83% dan 67,75%, Bener Meriah 1,89% dan 67,65%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa getah pinus Gayo Lues memiliki mutu yang lebih baik (Mutu Premium) dengan rendemen terpentin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah Takengon dan Bener Meriah (Mutu I).

Aceh Province is one of the areas producing pine resin in Indonesia. Pine trees grow well in the Aceh region, especially in the Gayo highlands. The Gayo highlands cover the areas of Central Aceh, Bener Meriah and Gayo Lues Regencies. So far, the people of the Gayo highlands have not carried out the post-harvest process and processing of pine resin properly. Pine resin is still sold in the form of raw materials and has not undergone a processing process into ready-to-use materials. The quality of the resin in this area is also unknown. This study was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of pine resin and to determine the yield of turpentine and gondorukem in pine resin in the Gayo highlands (Gayo Lues, Takengon and Bener Meriah). The resin samples used in this study were obtained from three areas of the Gayo highlands, namely Gayo Lues, Takengon and Bener Meriah. The analysis carried out in this study was in the form of determining the physical characteristics of pine resin consisting of color analysis (organoleptic test), dirt content + water content referring to SNI 7837: 2016. Yield analysis was carried out by distillation process to obtain turpentine and gondorukem from Gayo highland pine resin. The results showed that Gayo Lues area has physical characteristics of premium quality pine resin, indicated by white color, dirt content + water content reaching 7.39%, Takengon and Bener Meriah areas have physical characteristics of quality 1 resin, indicated by white color, dirt content + water content 10.74% and 10.88%, based on SNI 7837:2016 quality standards on pine resin. Average yield analysis of turpentine and gondorukem Gayo Lues is 2.11% and 67.47%, Takengon 1.83% and 67.75%, Bener Meriah 1.89% and 67.65%. From the research results, it can be concluded that Gayo Lues pine resin has better quality (Premium Quality) with higher turpentine yield compared to Takengon and Bener Meriah areas (Quality I).