Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

Penyakit infeksi adalah salah satu penyebab utama kematian global yang sebenarnya dapat dicegah melalui vaksinasi, tetapi cakupan vaksinasi masih rendah di daerah mayoritas Muslim, termasuk Aceh, karena dipengaruhi oleh persepsi tentang kehalalan, keamanan vaksin, dan pengaruh tokoh agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi alasan penolakan vaksinasi di kalangan ulama Aceh serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap sepuluh ulama dan analisis tematik yang dipetakan menggunakan diagram Sankey berdasarkan pekerjaan dan domisili informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ulama memahami vaksinasi sebagai metode meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh, meskipun terdapat perbedaan pandangan terkait efek samping dan kehalalan vaksin. Sumber informasi utama meliputi tenaga kesehatan untuk akademisi, serta fatwa organisasi keagamaan bagi akademisi Islam dan anggota organisasi Islam. Faktor pendukung pemahaman meliputi kepercayaan terhadap fatwa dan informasi ilmiah, sedangkan hambatan utamanya adalah hoaks, faktor pribadi, dan keterlibatan politik. Penolakan vaksinasi terutama dipengaruhi oleh rumor KIPI yang fatal serta preferensi terhadap obat alternatif, meskipun sebagian ulama menganggap agama dan sains saling mendukung. Faktor agama dalam penolakan mencakup pandangan terhadap hukum Islam, hadits, dan fatwa ulama, di mana vaksin dianggap boleh secara fikih, tetapi dapat berubah status hukumnya dalam kondisi tertentu. Pemahaman ini memengaruhi tindakan yang dilakukan, seperti sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, ceramah, dan pengajaran, meskipun sebagian kecil ulama tidak melakukan tindakan sosialisasi. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang dinamika pemahaman, sikap, dan tindakan ulama Aceh terhadap vaksinasi serta mengidentifikasi faktor agama dan non-agama yang memengaruhi penerimaan vaksinasi di masyarakat.

Kata kunci: Penolakan vaksinasi, Ulama Aceh, sumber informasi vaksin, alasan penolakan, faktor agama, faktor non-agama.

ABSTRACT Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of global mortality, which can actually be prevented through vaccination. However, vaccination coverage remains low in predominantly Muslim areas, including Aceh, due to perceptions of vaccine halal status, safety, and the influence of religious leaders. This study aims to explore the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy among Acehnese ulama and the factors influencing it. Using a qualitative approach, the study conducted in-depth interviews with ten ulama and performed thematic analysis, which was visualized using a Sankey diagram based on the informants' professions and regions of residence. The results show that ulama generally understand vaccination as a method for boosting immunity, although there are varying views regarding side effects and the halal status of vaccines. The main sources of information include healthcare professionals for academic scholars, and religious fatwas from Islamic organizations for Islamic scholars and members of Islamic organizations. Supporting factors for vaccine understanding include trust in religious fatwas and scientific information, while key barriers include misinformation (hoax), personal factors, and political involvement. Vaccine refusal is primarily influenced by fatal rumors regarding post-vaccination side effects (KIPI) and a preference for alternative medicine, though some ulama view the relationship between religion and science as mutually supportive. Religious factors in vaccine refusal involve perspectives on Islamic law, hadiths, and fatwas, where vaccines are generally considered permissible from a fiqh standpoint, but their status may change under certain conditions. This understanding influences actions such as socialization efforts, sermons, and teachings, although a few ulama do not engage in any socialization activities. This research provides insights into the dynamics of understanding, attitudes, and actions of Acehnese ulama toward vaccination, identifying both religious and non-religious factors that affect vaccine acceptance in the community Keywords: Vaccination refusal, Acehnese Ulama, sources of vaccine information, reasons for refusal, religious factors, non-religious factors.