Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Padi merupakan tanaman strategis yang mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Dipihak lain produksi padi sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor biotik dan abiotik. Stres abiotik seperti kekeringan dan temperatur mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Kekeringan dapat diatasi dengan berbagai cara misalnya dengan mengatur musim tanam, waktu tanam, varietas tahan kekeringan, bahan organik, zat pengatur tumbuh dan senyawa asam organik untuk menurunkan pengaruh stres kekeringan. Diantara perlakuan diatas yang dapat dilakukan oleh petani adalah pengaturan waktu tanam, pemilahan varietas toleran dan penggunaan bahan organik. Selain penggunaan bahan organik, untuk tanaman padi juga perlu temperatur yang sesuai pada setiap fase tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat stress air, dosis bahan organik dan temperatur serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca 2 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala yang berlangsung dari Maret 2021 sampai dengan Juni 2021. Rancangan Penelitian ini menggunakan Petak-Petak Terpisah (Split-Split Plot) pola rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial (3x2x2) dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu kekeringan yang terdiri dari 3 taraf (tanpa stres air, stres air fase vegetatif, stres air fase reproduktif). Dosis pupuk organik terdiri atas 2 taraf (20 ton perhektar dan 40 ton perhektar). Temperatur terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu temperatur normal (320C-340C) dan temperatur tinggi (370C-390C) rata-rata pada tengah hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi antara stress air dan pemupukan organik terhadap berat gabah hampa, berat tajuk kering dan rasio akar tajuk. Pemupukan organik 20 t.ha-1 pada stres air mampu menurunkan berat gabah hampa dan meningkatkan berat tajuk kering serta rasio akar tajuk. Adanya interaksi antara stres air dan temperatur terhadap jumlah daun (28, 35, 42, 49, 56 dan 63 HST), jumlah anakan (42,49, 56 dan 63 HST), umur panen, umur berbunga, jumlah malai, panjang malai, berat gabah hampa, berat gabah berisi, berat akar kering, volume akar kering, berat tajuk kering, rasio akar tajuk dan indeks panen. Perlakuan stres air fase vegetatif dan suhu tinggi nyata menurunkan pertumbuhan daun dan jumlah anakan. adanya interaksi antara pemberian bahan organik dan temperatur terhadap berat akar kering dan panjang akar. Pemberian bahan organik dengan dosis 40 t.ha-1. Pada perlakuan suhu tinggi mampu meningkatkan berat akar kering dan panjang akar. Pada suhu tinggi pemberian bahan organik 40 t.ha-1 dapat mengurangi pengaruh negatif stres air pada berbagai fase tumbuh tanaman padi. adanya interaksi antara stres air, pemupukan organik dan temperatur terhadap rasio akar tajuk. Diperlukan pengaturan waktu tanam, manajemen pengelolaan bahan organik dan pengairan untuk meningkatkan hasil padi serta mengatasi dampak global warming yang semakin berimbas pada pertumbuhan dan hasil padi.

Rice is a strategic crop that affects various aspects of people's lives. On the other hand, rice production is strongly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Abiotic stresses such as drought and temperature affect plant growth and development. Drought can be overcome in various ways, for example by adjusting the growing season, planting time, drought-resistant varieties, organic matter, growth regulators and organic acid compounds to reduce the effect of drought stress. Among the above treatments that can be done by farmers are setting planting time, sorting tolerant varieties and using organic matter. In addition to the use of organic matter, rice plants also need the appropriate temperature at each growing phase. This study aims to determine the effect of water stress level, dose of organic matter and temperature and their interactions on rice growth and yield. This research was carried out in Greenhouse 2, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University which took place from March 2021 to June 2021. The design of this study used Split-Split Plot. Factorial randomized block design (RAK) pattern (3x2x2) with 3 replications. . The factor studied was drought which consisted of 3 levels (without water stress, vegetative phase water stress, reproductive phase water stress). The dose of organic fertilizer consists of 2 levels (20 tons per hectare and 40 tons per hectare). The temperature consists of 2 levels, namely normal temperature (320C-340C) and high temperature (370C-390C) on average at midday. The results showed that there was an interaction between water stress and organic fertilization on empty grain weight, dry crown weight and root crown ratio. Organic fertilization 20 t.ha-1 at water stress was able to reduce the weight of empty grain and increase the dry crown weight and root crown ratio. There was an interaction between water stress and temperature on the number of leaves (28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 DAP), the number of tillers (42,49, 56 and 63 DAP), harvest age, flowering age, panicle number, panicle length, empty grain weight, full grain weight, dry root weight, dry root volume, dry crown weight, root crown ratio and harvest index. Treatment of vegetative phase water stress and high temperature significantly reduced leaf growth and number of tillers. there was an interaction between the application of organic matter and temperature on dry root weight and root length. Provision of organic matter at a dose of 40 t.ha-1. At high temperature treatment was able to increase the dry root weight and root length. At high temperatures the application of organic matter 40 t.ha-1 can reduce the negative effect of water stress on various phases of rice plant growth. There is an interaction between water stress, organic fertilization and temperature to root to crown ratio. Timing of planting is needed, management of organic matter management and irrigation to increase rice yields and overcome the impact of global warming which is increasingly affecting rice growth and yield.